sulfonic-based precursors (saps) for silica mesostructures: advances in synthesis and applications

sulfonic acid-based precursors (sap) play an important role in tailoring mesoporous silica’s and convert them to a solid acid catalyst with a bronsted-type nature. these kinds of solid acids contribute to sustainable and green chemistry by their heterogeneous, recyclable, and high efficiency features. therefore, knowing the properties and reactivity of saps can guide us to manufacture a sulfonated mesostructures compatible with reaction type and conditions. in the present review, some of the important saps, their reactivity and mechanism of functionalization are discussed.